Micron Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-0 vector-toc-not-available vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-0 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="de" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Jones-Formalismus</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./_res_/favicon.png">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones-Formalismus"> <link href="./_mw_/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.math.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.wikimediamessages.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.citeRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiDarkmode.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiResponsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.specialSearch.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Jones-Formalismus rootpage-Jones-Formalismus skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jones-Formalismus</span></h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="contentSub">
<div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div>
</div>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Der <b>Jones-Formalismus</b> beschreibt lineare optische Abbildungen unter Berücksichtigung der <a href="Polarisation" title="Polarisation">Polarisation</a>. Er wurde nach <a href="R._Clark_Jones" title="R. Clark Jones">R. Clark Jones</a> benannt, der diese Darstellung 1941 einführte. Das Licht wird als ebene <a href="Elektromagnetische_Welle" title="Elektromagnetische Welle">elektromagnetische Welle</a> repräsentiert, mit einem <a href="Komplexe_Zahl" title="Komplexe Zahl">komplexwertigen</a> zweidimensionalen Jones-<a href="Vektor" title="Vektor">Vektor</a>, der <a href="Amplitude" title="Amplitude">Amplitude</a> der Welle, und kann daher genutzt werden, um optische Effekte wie <a href="Interferenz_(Physik)" title="Interferenz (Physik)">Interferenz</a> zu beschreiben. Damit stellt der Formalismus eine Verbesserung ggü. den <a href="Stokes-Parameter" title="Stokes-Parameter">Stokes-Parametern</a> dar. Im Gegensatz dazu ist der Jones-Formalismus jedoch auf vollständig polarisiertes, <a href="Koh%C3%A4renz_(Physik)" title="Kohärenz (Physik)">kohärentes</a> Licht begrenzt.
Die Abbildungen werden durch Jones-<a href="Matrix_(Mathematik)" title="Matrix (Mathematik)">Matrizen</a> dargestellt. Mit ihnen ermöglicht der Jones-Formalismus die Modellierung und Analyse optischer Systeme, in denen ein Lichtstrahl eine Kaskade von optischen Bauelementen durchläuft.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jones-Matrix">Jones-Matrix</h2></div>
<p>Die Jones-Matrix ist eine im Allgemeinen komplexe 2×2-<a href="Matrix_(Mathematik)" title="Matrix (Mathematik)">Matrix</a>, die die Änderung des <a href="Elektrische_Feldst%C3%A4rke" title="Elektrische Feldstärke">elektrischen Feldstärkevektors</a> beim Durchgang des Lichtes durch ein <a href="Optisches_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Optisches System">optisches System</a> beschreibt. Die Jones-Matrix beschreibt auch die Änderung der Kohärenzmatrix unter der Einwirkung des optischen Systems.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hat man mehrere optische Elemente, die den Polarisationszustand verändern, multipliziert man die einzelnen Jones-Matrizen zu einer Gesamt-Jones-Matrix, die dann die Wirkung des kompletten Systems beschreibt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mathematische_Beschreibung">Mathematische Beschreibung</h2></div>
<table class="wikitable float-right" style="text-align:center; width:35em">
<caption>Beispiele für normierte Jones-Vektoren<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OptikPhysik_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OptikPhysik-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe6">
<th>Polarisation
</th>
<th>Polarisationsrichtung zu verschiedenen Zeiten bei z&nbsp;=&nbsp;0
</th>
<th>Jones-Vektor
</th>
<th><a href="Bra-Ket" class="mw-redirect" title="Bra-Ket">Bra-Ket</a>-Notation
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>linear in x-Richtung
</td>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3a7f3108b3c783e51e98a2e1fdf73e3a5c866b8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:5.335ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |H\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |H\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f010e5c1fd1410fa37d26b3ae7c769db1df7ab57.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.615ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |H\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>linear in y-Richtung
</td>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}0\\1\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}0\\1\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6fcc510ddd9d14916766a41ed29188797674f08b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:5.335ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}0\\1\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |V\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |V\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/89463c7bdd8be86eae354b0fd9fc5ca09d423499.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.339ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |V\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>linear in +45°-Richtung
</td>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a726a51a18b12c17e65dcb81640902f4ae39201e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:9.27ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |D\rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|H\rangle +|V\rangle )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>D</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |D\rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|H\rangle +|V\rangle )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bd956c1a30c98bc810f232c67ffa4ca09526656c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:22.112ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |D\rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|H\rangle +|V\rangle )}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>links zirkular
</td>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1\\\mathrm {i} \end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1\\\mathrm {i} \end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2e7e0acd2a7cc04b6d2bf440e33e1344abfb71e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:9.27ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1\\\mathrm {i} \end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |L\rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|H\rangle +\mathrm {i} |V\rangle )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |L\rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|H\rangle +\mathrm {i} |V\rangle )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/72d504ddea42ca39e42c85f7dab2e799b2015940.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:22.418ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |L\rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|H\rangle +\mathrm {i} |V\rangle )}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>rechts zirkular
</td>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1\\-\mathrm {i} \end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1\\-\mathrm {i} \end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7d87ee7ed2f7a7eb10af4908065b779780aeafce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:10.562ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1\\-\mathrm {i} \end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |R\rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|H\rangle -\mathrm {i} |V\rangle )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |R\rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|H\rangle -\mathrm {i} |V\rangle )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/37de5baf0d60161074f2ff5689ac29b76c4d37ed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:22.599ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |R\rangle ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}(|H\rangle -\mathrm {i} |V\rangle )}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>In komplexer Schreibweise hat die <a href="Auslenkung" title="Auslenkung">Elongation</a> einer <a href="Monochromatisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatisch">monochromatischen</a> ebenen Welle in einem <a href="Kartesisches_Koordinatensystem" title="Kartesisches Koordinatensystem">kartesischen Koordinatensystem</a> die Orts- und Zeitabhängigkeit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}(z,t)={\begin{pmatrix}E_{x}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t+\phi _{x})}\\E_{y}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t+\phi _{y})}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}E_{x}e^{\mathrm {i} \phi _{x}}\\E_{y}e^{\mathrm {i} \phi _{y}}\end{pmatrix}}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t)}={\begin{pmatrix}{\tilde {E}}_{x}\\{\tilde {E}}_{y}\end{pmatrix}}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t)}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}(z,t)={\begin{pmatrix}E_{x}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t+\phi _{x})}\\E_{y}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t+\phi _{y})}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}E_{x}e^{\mathrm {i} \phi _{x}}\\E_{y}e^{\mathrm {i} \phi _{y}}\end{pmatrix}}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t)}={\begin{pmatrix}{\tilde {E}}_{x}\\{\tilde {E}}_{y}\end{pmatrix}}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t)}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/98b2b1f10a66227dd0ee3e298161abcea5a8019d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:67.189ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}(z,t)={\begin{pmatrix}E_{x}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t+\phi _{x})}\\E_{y}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t+\phi _{y})}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}E_{x}e^{\mathrm {i} \phi _{x}}\\E_{y}e^{\mathrm {i} \phi _{y}}\end{pmatrix}}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t)}={\begin{pmatrix}{\tilde {E}}_{x}\\{\tilde {E}}_{y}\end{pmatrix}}e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t)}}" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>wobei als Ausbreitungsrichtung die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse gewählt ist. Die reellen Zahlen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/48eff443f9de7a985bb94ca3bde20813ea737be8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega }" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnen die <a href="Kreiswellenzahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreiswellenzahl">Kreiswellenzahl</a> bzw. die <a href="Kreisfrequenz" title="Kreisfrequenz">Kreisfrequenz</a> der Welle. Die Größen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{x},E_{y}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{x},E_{y}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fc2a1eb9d5d8a59f8af61123b09550666ef63e39.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.686ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{x},E_{y}}" loading="lazy"></span> sind die reellen Amplituden. Die komplexen Zahlen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {E}}_{x}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {E}}_{x}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3bfcafaa77cbb0da10d53606584d75fead658b32.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.948ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {E}}_{x}}" loading="lazy"></span> bzw. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {E}}_{y}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {E}}_{y}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8b73a343194cea3bb38aecd355ee38c0714bff3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.825ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {E}}_{y}}" loading="lazy"></span> beschreiben dann Phase und Amplitude der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>- bzw. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}" loading="lazy"></span>-Komponente des Feldes. Der Jones-Vektor dieser Welle ist dann
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {J}}={\begin{pmatrix}{\tilde {E}}_{x}\\{\tilde {E}}_{y}\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {J}}={\begin{pmatrix}{\tilde {E}}_{x}\\{\tilde {E}}_{y}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/96246620c21b57698634aa2090469bc313f0b82f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:12.268ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {J}}={\begin{pmatrix}{\tilde {E}}_{x}\\{\tilde {E}}_{y}\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>das heißt, die explizite Raum- und Zeitabhängigkeit der Amplitude wird bei der Beschreibung der Welle unterdrückt. Des Weiteren werden in der Darstellung eines Jones-Vektors üblicherweise dessen Komponenten auf 1 normalisiert und ein Vorfaktor eingeführt, damit die <a href="Intensit%C3%A4t_(Physik)" title="Intensität (Physik)">Intensität</a> unverändert bleibt (siehe Beispiele).
</p><p>Der Effekt eines optischen Bauelements auf die Lichtwelle lässt sich durch die Wirkung einer komplexwertigen 2×2-Matrix <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {M} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">M</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {M} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e499ae5946af9c09777ada933051b3669d3372c2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.537ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {M} }" loading="lazy"></span> auf den Jones-Vektor beschreiben, wenn das Element keine <a href="Nichtlineare_Optik" title="Nichtlineare Optik">nichtlinearen</a> Eigenschaften hat,
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {J}}_{\rm {out}}={\mathbf {M} }{\vec {J}}_{\rm {in}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">M</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {J}}_{\rm {out}}={\mathbf {M} }{\vec {J}}_{\rm {in}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f9b56932cca7ca643c55f93d8b1b5a2077ddb8b5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.071ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {J}}_{\rm {out}}={\mathbf {M} }{\vec {J}}_{\rm {in}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Durchläuft der Lichtstrahl ein System optischer Elemente mit Jones-Matrizen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {M} _{1},\ldots ,\mathbf {M} _{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {M} _{1},\ldots ,\mathbf {M} _{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/03dc0821fd73b9263ea6887f55b5748646199a6f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.526ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {M} _{1},\ldots ,\mathbf {M} _{n}}" loading="lazy"></span>, so lässt sich der Gesamteffekt des optischen Systems durch eine Jones-Matrix
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathbf {M} }={\mathbf {M} }_{n}\cdot {\mathbf {M} }_{n-1}\cdot \ldots \cdot {\mathbf {M} }_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">M</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">M</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">M</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">M</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathbf {M} }={\mathbf {M} }_{n}\cdot {\mathbf {M} }_{n-1}\cdot \ldots \cdot {\mathbf {M} }_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/728e2e7b509868c8666075f14141c83624ace010.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:26.6ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathbf {M} }={\mathbf {M} }_{n}\cdot {\mathbf {M} }_{n-1}\cdot \ldots \cdot {\mathbf {M} }_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>beschreiben (sofern Mehrfachreflexionen zwischen den einzelnen Komponenten keine Rolle spielen). Die Eigenpolarisationen eines optischen Systems entsprechen den <a href="Eigenvektor" class="mw-redirect" title="Eigenvektor">Eigenvektoren</a> seiner Jones-Matrix. Der Jones-Vektor eignet sich nur für die Beschreibung vollständig polarisierten Lichts, und entsprechend können nur optische Komponenten, die keine depolarisierenden Eigenschaften besitzen, durch Jones-Matrizen charakterisiert werden. Sind <a href="Depolarisation_(Wellenausbreitung)" title="Depolarisation (Wellenausbreitung)">Depolarisations</a>-Effekte von Bedeutung, muss auf den aufwändigeren <a href="Stokes-Vektor" class="mw-redirect" title="Stokes-Vektor">Stokes-Formalismus</a> zurückgegriffen werden.
</p><p>Jones-Matrizen können z.&nbsp;B. lineare Polarisationen oder zirkulare Polarisationen (Rotation der Polarisationsebene) und Verzögerungsplatten beschreiben. Bei der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>-Viertel Platte wird z.&nbsp;B. eine Polarisationsrichtung gegenüber der dazu senkrechten um eine Viertel Wellenlänge verzögert. Bei zirkularer Polarisation und Verzögerung ändert sich der Betrag der Gesamtamplitude nicht, und die Matrizen sind <a href="Unit%C3%A4re_Matrix" title="Unitäre Matrix">unitär</a>, es gilt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M^{-1}=M^{\dagger }:={\overline {M}}^{\rm {T}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>†<!-- † --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M^{-1}=M^{\dagger }:={\overline {M}}^{\rm {T}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cd1b1d598f7d5449ee355e847268b5cc68115c73.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:19.235ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M^{-1}=M^{\dagger }:={\overline {M}}^{\rm {T}}}" loading="lazy"></span> (dabei bedeutet <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overline {M}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overline {M}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c0e2d2cef85c7247cc507120eb8980b6f2714591.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.68ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overline {M}}}" loading="lazy"></span> komplex konjugiert und T die <a href="Transponierte_Matrix" title="Transponierte Matrix">Transposition</a> der Matrix) und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {|M\cdot {\vec {J}}|}^{2}=({\vec {J}}^{*T}\cdot M^{\dagger }M\cdot {\vec {J}})=({\vec {J}}^{*T}\cdot {\vec {J}})={|{\vec {J}}|}^{2}=J^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>†<!-- † --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>J</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {|M\cdot {\vec {J}}|}^{2}=({\vec {J}}^{*T}\cdot M^{\dagger }M\cdot {\vec {J}})=({\vec {J}}^{*T}\cdot {\vec {J}})={|{\vec {J}}|}^{2}=J^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a4cfc7c3acc4bcd2fc10ae241eee2560d3e62cae.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:53.503ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {|M\cdot {\vec {J}}|}^{2}=({\vec {J}}^{*T}\cdot M^{\dagger }M\cdot {\vec {J}})=({\vec {J}}^{*T}\cdot {\vec {J}})={|{\vec {J}}|}^{2}=J^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Bei linearer Polarisation kann sich der Betrag der Gesamtamplitude ändern, die zugehörigen Matrizen sind nicht unitär.
</p>
<table class="wikitable centered">
<caption>Beispiele für Jones-Matrizen<sup id="cite_ref-OptikPhysik_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OptikPhysik-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe6">
<th>Optisches Element
</th>
<th>Jones-Matrix
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Polarisator" title="Polarisator">Polarisationsfilter</a> für linear polarisiertes Licht
<p>in H-Stellung
</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\0&amp;0\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\0&amp;0\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/271b1086c8ff65cf30f508224e84d86eaa1296e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:8.82ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\0&amp;0\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Polarisationsfilter für linear polarisiertes Licht,
<p>in V-Stellung
</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;0\\0&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;0\\0&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7fe265a04c43c431e5b23690ff1e53ce165729ec.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:8.82ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;0\\0&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Polarisationsfilter für linear polarisiertes Licht,
<p>in +45°-Stellung
</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;1\\1&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;1\\1&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/30e0c17baa1d8d7df940d28b19bb39eacd42a3d0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:10.819ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;1\\1&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Polarisationsfilter für linear polarisiertes Licht,
<p>in −45°-Stellung
</p>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;-1\\-1&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;-1\\-1&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/996fc0aa951aeaeecd9b8af1e3f5b9883bd354dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:14.435ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;-1\\-1&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Polarisationsfilter für linear polarisiertes Licht, um den Winkel <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/33ee699558d09cf9d653f6351f9fda0b2f4aaa3e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.52ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi }" loading="lazy"></span> im mathematisch positiven Drehsinn aus der H-Stellung gedreht
</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}\cos ^{2}(\varphi )&amp;\cos(\varphi )\sin(\varphi )\\\sin(\varphi )\cos(\varphi )&amp;\sin ^{2}(\varphi )\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}\cos ^{2}(\varphi )&amp;\cos(\varphi )\sin(\varphi )\\\sin(\varphi )\cos(\varphi )&amp;\sin ^{2}(\varphi )\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0369f4fd311ffea45f4eb68e4547e17ca7f8b000.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:32.521ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}\cos ^{2}(\varphi )&amp;\cos(\varphi )\sin(\varphi )\\\sin(\varphi )\cos(\varphi )&amp;\sin ^{2}(\varphi )\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Polarisator für links zirkular polarisiertes Licht
</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;-\mathrm {i} \\\mathrm {i} &amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;-\mathrm {i} \\\mathrm {i} &amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/72f4fa8e9361cd6a553186f164c150bf6d12ba3e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:12.111ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;-\mathrm {i} \\\mathrm {i} &amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Polarisator für rechts zirkular polarisiertes Licht
</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;\mathrm {i} \\-\mathrm {i} &amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;\mathrm {i} \\-\mathrm {i} &amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1b17166622597eabc72b7acff6a27bc7bd1d7bf6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:12.111ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;\mathrm {i} \\-\mathrm {i} &amp;1\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Verz%C3%B6gerungsplatte" title="Verzögerungsplatte">λ/2-Plättchen</a> mit schneller Achse in x-Richtung
</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\0&amp;-1\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\0&amp;-1\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c2e2ce3a8967e2bf8cb9e9f637aa92f4f36651a5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:10.628ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\0&amp;-1\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Verz%C3%B6gerungsplatte" title="Verzögerungsplatte">λ/4-Plättchen</a> mit schneller Achse in x-Richtung
</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1-\mathrm {i} &amp;0\\0&amp;1+\mathrm {i} \end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1-\mathrm {i} &amp;0\\0&amp;1+\mathrm {i} \end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/775c6bd5b8449e829f48b05cef9f21efae59eb0a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:19.729ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}{\begin{pmatrix}1-\mathrm {i} &amp;0\\0&amp;1+\mathrm {i} \end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Gemäß der üblichen Sprechweise in der Optik bezeichnen „H“ wie <i>horizontal</i> und „V“ wie <i>vertikal</i> die Orientierung in die <i>x</i>- und <i>y</i>-Richtung.
Wenn es nicht auf die Interferenz mit anderen Strahlen ankommt, kann ein gemeinsamer (komplexer) Phasen-Vorfaktor ausgeklammert werden, und die Matrizen werden häufig so angegeben, dass die erste Diagonalstelle reell ist.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gedrehte_Bauteile">Gedrehte Bauteile</h2></div>
<p>Wird ein optisches Bauteil gegenüber seiner optischen Achse um den Winkel <i>θ</i> gedreht, so ist die Jones-Matrix für das gedrehte Bauteil M(<i>θ</i>). Diese Matrix erhält man aus der Matrix M für das ungedrehte Bauteil durch folgende Transformation:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M(\theta )=R(\theta )\,M\,R(-\theta ),}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>M</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M(\theta )=R(\theta )\,M\,R(-\theta ),}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6145cfbf3273c6375a3a913d5b827908a390c6d1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.439ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M(\theta )=R(\theta )\,M\,R(-\theta ),}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd>Dabei ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R(\theta )={\begin{pmatrix}\cos \theta &amp;-\sin \theta \\\sin \theta &amp;\cos \theta \end{pmatrix}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>R</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R(\theta )={\begin{pmatrix}\cos \theta &amp;-\sin \theta \\\sin \theta &amp;\cos \theta \end{pmatrix}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/52f595f23cdf9f0b14b70d1fb62f4ca4f5572483.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:26.021ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R(\theta )={\begin{pmatrix}\cos \theta &amp;-\sin \theta \\\sin \theta &amp;\cos \theta \end{pmatrix}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Übergang_zur_Quantenmechanik"><span id=".C3.9Cbergang_zur_Quantenmechanik"></span>Übergang zur Quantenmechanik</h2></div>
<p>Man kann die reine x- und reine y-Polarisation als <a href="Orthonormalbasis" title="Orthonormalbasis">Orthonormalbasis</a> auffassen und diese in <a href="Bra-Ket" class="mw-redirect" title="Bra-Ket">Bra-Ket</a>-Schreibweise darstellen, wie oben in der Tabelle angedeutet. Ein Polarisationsfilter lässt sich dann zum Beispiel als <a href="Quantenmechanik" title="Quantenmechanik">quantenmechanischer</a> Operator auffassen, der auf einen <a href="Eigenzustand" title="Eigenzustand">Eigenzustand</a> des Systems (reine x- oder y-Polarisation) projiziert (<a href="Kollaps_der_Wellenfunktion" title="Kollaps der Wellenfunktion">Kollaps der Wellenfunktion</a>). Der entsprechende <a href="Bra-Ket#Tensorprodukt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bra-Ket">Projektor</a> wäre für einen x-Polarisationsfilter: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |H\rangle \langle H|}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |H\rangle \langle H|}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/29b829c93244db18fe2486cafdc4ec720c14b87e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.23ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |H\rangle \langle H|}" loading="lazy"></span> Der <a href="Eigenwert" class="mw-redirect" title="Eigenwert">Eigenwert</a> entspricht dann dem Anteil des einfallenden Lichtes, das die entsprechende Polarisation aufweist. Die <a href="Observable" title="Observable">Observable</a> ist die Polarisation in x-Richtung. Analog lassen sich die oben angegebenen Filter für zirkular polarisiertes Licht konstruieren.
</p><p>In der Bra-Ket-Darstellung lässt sich auch ein <a href="Basiswechsel_(Vektorraum)" title="Basiswechsel (Vektorraum)">Basiswechsel</a> leicht ausführen. Die Basiswechselmatrix <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span>, die von der x/y-Basis in die Darstellung durch <a href="Superposition_(Mathematik)" title="Superposition (Mathematik)">Superposition</a> von gegensinnig zirkular polarisierten Wellen überführt hat folgende Gestalt.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S={\begin{pmatrix}\langle H|R\rangle &amp;\langle H|L\rangle \\\langle V|R\rangle &amp;\langle V|L\rangle \end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S={\begin{pmatrix}\langle H|R\rangle &amp;\langle H|L\rangle \\\langle V|R\rangle &amp;\langle V|L\rangle \end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/03ca9e019728e4aa23314e00a6d7dbf4db01af67.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:23.479ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S={\begin{pmatrix}\langle H|R\rangle &amp;\langle H|L\rangle \\\langle V|R\rangle &amp;\langle V|L\rangle \end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Solche Überlegungen bieten einen anschaulichen Bezug zu den sonst eher abstrakten Formalismen der Quantenmechanik.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>R. Clark Jones: <cite style="font-style:italic">New calculus for the treatment of optical systems. I. Description and discussion of the calculus</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of the Optical Society of America</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>31</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>7</span>, 1941, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>488–493</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.31.000488">10.1364/JOSA.31.000488</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Jones-Formalismus&amp;rft.atitle=New+calculus+for+the+treatment+of+optical+systems.+I.+Description+and+discussion+of+the+calculus&amp;rft.au=R.+Clark++Jones&amp;rft.date=1941&amp;rft.doi=10.1364%2FJOSA.31.000488&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Optical+Society+of+America&amp;rft.pages=488-493&amp;rft.volume=31" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li>R. M. A. Azzam, N. M. Bashara: <i>Ellipsometry and Polarized Light.</i> North-Holland, Amsterdam (u.&nbsp;a.) 1987, ISBN 0-7204-0694-3.</li>
<li>A. Gerrard, J. Burch: <i>Introduction to Matrix Methods in Optics.</i> John Wiley, 1975 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=naUSNojPwOgC">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).</li>
<li>Frank Pedrotti, Leno Pedrotti: <i>Introduction to Optics.</i> 2. Auflage, Prentice Hall, 1993, ISBN 0-13-501545-6 (Kapitel 14: Matrix Treatment of Polarization).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/JonesMatrix.html">Jones Matrix bei Science World</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/optik/jones-matrix/1527"><i>Jones-Matrix</i></a> In: Lexikon der Optik</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/physik/jones-matrizen/7662"><i>Jones-Matrizen</i></a> In: Lexikon der Physik</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank L. Pedrotti, Leno S. Pedrotti: <cite style="font-style:italic">Introduction to Optics</cite>. Prentice-Hall, 1993, ISBN 0-13-016973-0, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>288</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Jones-Formalismus&amp;rft.au=Frank+L.+Pedrotti%2C+Leno+S.+Pedrotti&amp;rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Optics&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0130169730&amp;rft.pages=288&amp;rft.pub=Prentice-Hall" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Eugene_Hecht" title="Eugene Hecht">Eugene Hecht</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">Optics</cite>. 4. Auflage. Addison-Wesley Longman, Amsterdam 2001, ISBN 0-8053-8566-5, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>375</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Jones-Formalismus&amp;rft.au=Eugene+Hecht&amp;rft.btitle=Optics&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.edition=4&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0805385665&amp;rft.pages=375&amp;rft.place=Amsterdam&amp;rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Longman" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-OptikPhysik-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OptikPhysik_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OptikPhysik_5-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Bei der Darstellung der rechts- und linkszirkularen Polarisation hat man zu beachten, dass hier für die Ausbreitung der ebenen Welle ein Faktor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t)}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t)}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cc06cdbb6e0bce68c21c790757e9178a13619d6b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.573ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{\mathrm {i} (kz-\omega t)}}" loading="lazy"></span> gewählt wurde, wodurch sich unter anderem die Formeln für links- und rechtszirkulare Polarisation vertauschen. Beide Konventionen (umgekehrtes Vorzeichen im Exponenten) werden in der Fachliteratur genutzt, was bei der Verwendung von Formeln aus den Fachbereich Optik und der Physik allgemein beachtet werden muss.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon Baym: <cite style="font-style:italic">Lectures on Quantum Mechanics</cite>. 3. Auflage. Westview Press, New York 1990, ISBN 0-8053-0667-6, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1–37</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Jones-Formalismus&amp;rft.au=Gordon+Baym&amp;rft.btitle=Lectures+on+Quantum+Mechanics&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.edition=3.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0805306676&amp;rft.pages=1-37&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Westview+Press" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
</ol></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2024-10-13" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Jones-Formalismus&amp;oldid=249376357">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./_webp_/webpHandler.js"></script>

</body></html>